Literature review exploring the intersection of artificial intelligence and accessible software
The intersection of accessibility and Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents a promising avenue for addressing the multifaceted challenges faced by individuals with disabilities, including those with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 16% of the global population experiences some form of disability. As demographics shift and the population ages, this percentage is projected to rise. The aging population brings with it an increased likelihood of chronic conditions, which can significantly impact the quality of life. Considering this, it’s crucial to recognize that disabilities aren't solely individual challenges; they're influenced by environmental factors such as societal infrastructure and the lack of support systems for people with disabilities. Disabilities are fundamentally the consequence of the barriers people experience in the online and material environments they navigate. AI presents an opportunity to mitigate barriers in software and enhance accessibility for individuals with disabilities.
AI, a field of computer science wherein machines are programmed to mimic human cognitive functions, offers a diverse range of applications. By analyzing data related to individuals with disabilities, spanning cognitive and physical impairments, AI can identify patterns and generate solutions to address existing accessibility regulations. This technological advancement has fostered innovation in assistive technology (AT), which encompasses products, services, strategies, and practices designed to mitigate the effects of disabilities and overcome barriers. AT empowers individuals to navigate daily activities independently by providing tailored support suited to their specific needs.
In essence, AI-driven assistive technology holds tremendous promise for improving accessibility and enhancing the quality of life for individuals with disabilities. Through personalized solutions and innovative approaches, AI technologies can contribute to fostering inclusivity and empowerment for individuals with IDD.
At the core of our exploration is the transformative power of AI and machine learning. These technologies are not just about emulating human intelligence; they are about surpassing traditional barriers, crafting assistive tools, and creating a more inclusive digital realm. From cognitive to physical impairments, AI's application in assistive technology (AT) is broadening horizons and improving the quality of life for many.
Interface Design for IDD:
By conforming to W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), and leveraging AI algorithms, AI can help design interfaces that cater to the unique needs of individuals across a spectrum of disabilities. AI has the potential to revolutionize interface design, making technology accessible for individuals with IDD.
Assistive Technology and AIoT:
Assistive Technology (AT) is benefiting from AI, offering devices and services that improve the quality of life for those with physical impairments. The integration of AI with the Internet of Things (AIoT) is pushing the boundaries of what AT can achieve, from navigation systems for the blind to voice assistants that facilitate communication.
Voice AI:
Voice assistants like Siri and Google Assistant are making digital content more accessible, translating spoken words into text and vice versa. This technology is particularly beneficial for individuals with visual, auditory, or motor impairments.
Personalization and Adaptation:
AI's ability to learn user preferences and adapt interfaces accordingly is creating more personalized and accessible user experiences. Technologies such as autocorrect are evolving to support those with cognitive or motor impairments more effectively.
The intersection of AI and accessibility is fostering an environment where technology not only serves but empowers individuals with disabilities. Our review highlights the significant strides being made in interface design, assistive technologies, and personalized solutions. As we continue to explore this dynamic field, our commitment to improving accessibility and quality of life remains steadfast.
]]>The full review will be released in the near future.
News Release: The Social Innovation Research Centre partners with Surrey Place and Community Living Toronto to develop more accessible software
Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Services (ARIES) at Centennial College has a long history of collaborating with social enterprises. Its Social Innovation Research Centre (SIRC) has been working with communities to address their challenges, and this activity continues to grow. We are pleased to announce that we have received long-term funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) to develop accessible software for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The project is titled “Using Artificial Intelligence to Develop Accessible Software for People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities”.
Under NSERC’s College and Community Innovation program, Centennial research team was awarded $360,000 over 3 years to harness the power of artificial intelligence to develop accessible software for individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD). Softwares are designed for a general user but are often inaccessible to people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. A key component of the project is running co-development workshops with individuals with IDD and software developers. While some accessible software options exist, individuals with IDD are rarely, if ever, involved in providing their expertise and insights to software development. Moreover, developers who use AI often design for the majority, and the datasets used to train AI often exclude or underrepresent disabled people. This leads to the second major output of the project: the development of a ‘best practices’ manual for software developers to run co-development workshops and included individuals with IDD in the development process. The research project engages researchers from WIMTACH and students and faculty across multiple areas and schools at the College to address a substantive gap in accessible software development.
The project team includes Centennial College’s Dr. Johanna Niles (Faculty in the School of Community and Health Studies), Dr. Daniel Huizenga (Manager, Social Innovation Research) and Dr. Purnima Tyagi (Director, Social Innovation Research), along with Tenzin Jinpa (R&D Lead, Software and AI, WIMTACH), Professor Viji Angamuth (School of Engineering Technology and Applied Science (SETAS)) and Lowell Heppner from Centennial’s Centre for Accessible Learning and Counselling. Also on the team are community partners Barry Isaacs (Director of Research, Evaluation, and Teaching, Surrey Place), CLTO Influencers, Amanda and Sarah (Lived Experience Advisor, Surrey Place), and Ann-Marie Binetti (Senior Manager of Community Engagement and Advocacy, Community Living Toronto). The CLTO Influencers from Community Living Toronto are contributing throughout the life of the project. The CLTO Influencers are a group of self-advocates who are using social media as a platform to raise awareness about disability issues to create a more inclusive society.
“The project will empower individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities through participation in valued social roles, a learning platform for improving digital literacy, and fostering autonomy and self-determination,” says Dr. Purnima Tyagi. Dr. Johanna Niles adds "As a faculty in the Developmental Services Worker (DSW) program I am thrilled to be a part of this project. In a world/society that can often times be devaluing to individuals with an intellectual disability, it gives me great joy to participate in a project that is collaborative in nature, where their voices are an integral part of the development process. Exploring creative and innovative ways in which we can develop Artificial Intelligence (AI) software that is truly accessible is a great step towards employing a social model of disability." It is extremely important project concludes Daniel Huizenga “Through co-development workshops we will set new standards for the development of accessible software that will ultimately benefit individuals with IDD across the country and beyond.”
The community partners were instrumental in highlighting the challenges faced by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities in connecting remotely. “We are thrilled to be research partners … Accessibility to information and communication technology continues to be a big barrier for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). In an increasingly digitalized world, individuals with IDD risk being left behind; this gap will widen when AI becomes more and more integrated into technology. ….” Says Terri Hewitt, CEO, Surrey Place.
“Some of the computer software that I have been working with is not accessible, for example it’s hard to search. People don’t take the time to ask what people with intellectual disabilities need. Co-design is a good process it will help to understand how to make things a lot more accessible. It’s different because you are getting both sides of the story and it will help other people with intellectual disability. It gives a chance for people with intellectual disabilities to share their knowledge and experience and teach others how to make computer software accessible. I want people to listen and hear how to do this better.” Says Amanda– Lived Experience Advisor, Surrey Place. “I love the idea of co-design. … but the idea of being part of a team to learn about it and to help solve problems and to make things easier for people with developmental disabilities is really exciting,” Adds Sarah – Lived Experience Advisor, Surrey Place.
"In alignment with our vision for a society where everyone belongs and is valued, Community Living Toronto is excited to collaborate with the Social Innovation Research Center and Surrey Place in this groundbreaking project. Harnessing the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Community Living Toronto is proud to be part of this innovative journey, driving positive change and embodying our commitment to inclusive and valued communities.” Says Ann-Marie Binetti from Community Living Toronto.
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